meteorologist; climatologist
A scientist who studies weather and climate. 気象学者 is the general term; 気候学者 is sometimes used specifically for climatologists.
As a meteorologist, he researches typhoon paths.
Meteorologists are analyzing the effects of global warming.
気候学者 specifically refers to a climatologist, while 気象学者 is a broader term for a weather scientist, often used interchangeably.
Compound of 気象 (weather, climate) and 学者 (scholar, scientist).