混こん雑ざつ

こ

ん

ざ

つ

Common wordJLPTN3Freq.FrequencyTop 10,000

混雑する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'

Form	Positive	Negative
Dictionary	混こん雑ざつする	混こん雑ざつしない
Polite	混こん雑ざつします	混こん雑ざつしません
Past polite	混こん雑ざつしました	混こん雑ざつしませんでした
Past	混こん雑ざつした	混こん雑ざつしなかった
Te-form	混こん雑ざつして	混こん雑ざつしないで
Desire	混こん雑ざつしたい	混こん雑ざつしたくない
Potential	混こん雑ざつできる	混こん雑ざつできない
Passive	混こん雑ざつされる	混こん雑ざつされない
Causative	混こん雑ざつさせる	混こん雑ざつさせない
Causative passive	混こん雑ざつさせられる	混こん雑ざつさせられない
Volitional	混こん雑ざつしよう
Polite volitional	混こん雑ざつしましょう
Imperative	混こん雑ざつしろ	混こん雑ざつするな
Conditional	混こん雑ざつすれば	混こん雑ざつしなければ
Tara conditional	混こん雑ざつしたら	混こん雑ざつしなかったら

Meanings

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb

congestion; crowding; jam

The common modern meaning: a place, vehicle, road, line, or system is crowded or congested. As 混雑する, it is intransitive: 電車が混雑する, not 電車を混雑する.

朝あさの電でん車しゃはいつも混こん雑ざつしている。
The morning trains are always crowded.
連れん休きゅう中ちゅうは高こう速そく道どう路ろの混こん雑ざつが予よ想そうされる。
Highway congestion is expected during the long weekend.

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb

confusion; disorder; chaotic congestion

A broader or less common use for a confused, disorderly state where many things are mixed together. In everyday Japanese, 混乱 is often clearer for pure 'confusion'; 混雑 here often still suggests a crowded or tangled situation.

事じ故こ直ちょく後ご、現げん場ばは混こん雑ざつを極きわめ、指し示じがなかなか伝つたわらなかった。
Immediately after the accident, the scene was in extreme disorder, and instructions did not get through easily.

See all 130 example sentences ›

Usage patterns

〈場ば所しょ〉が混こん雑ざつするfor a place to become crowded or congested
年ねん末まつは駅えきがひどく混こん雑ざつする。
The station gets terribly crowded at the end of the year.
混こん雑ざつを避さけるto avoid congestion or crowds
混こん雑ざつを避さけるために早はやめに家いえを出でた。
I left home early to avoid the crowds.
混こん雑ざつに巻まき込こまれるto get caught up in a crowd or congestion
ラッシュ時じの混こん雑ざつに巻まき込こまれてしまった。
I got caught up in the rush-hour congestion.
混こん雑ざつが続つづくfor congestion to continue
高こう速そく道どう路ろの混こん雑ざつが続つづいている。
Congestion on the highway continues.

Kanji

混mix, blend, confuse
雑miscellaneous

Related words· 11

混こん乱らんN3sense 2
混雑 usually refers to a place or vehicle being physically crowded, while 混乱 refers to confusion or disorder without necessarily implying crowding.
渋じゅう滞たいN3sense 1
渋滞 is used specifically for traffic jams and slow-moving traffic, while 混雑 covers crowding of people, trains, or systems more broadly.
人ひと込ごみN3sense 1
人混み is a noun naming a crowd of people itself, whereas 混雑 describes the state or condition of being crowded and can be used with する.
賑にぎわうN1
混雑する means simply 'to be congested', often with a negative sense of inconvenience, while 賑わう describes a lively, positive crowd.

Show 7 more

雑ざっ踏とうN1
混雑 is the general, everyday word for crowding or congestion, while 雑踏 evokes the specific bustle and movement of a busy crowd of people.
混こむN4
混む is the everyday, casual word for being crowded, while 混雑する is a more formal suru-verb often used in announcements or written reports.
密みっ集しゅうN1
混雑 stresses disorderly congestion that causes inconvenience, whereas 密集 is a more neutral term for dense physical clustering.
目め白じろ押おし
混雑 is the neutral, common word for congestion or crowding in a place, while 目白押し more vividly evokes people or things packed tightly and jostling.
過か密みつN1
混雑 focuses on the chaotic crowding of a place at a given moment (like a train station), while 過密 describes a more chronic, structural state of overconcentration.
ラッシュN4
混雑 describes general congestion or crowding, whereas ラッシュ specifically evokes the sudden peak-time surge, as in commuting.
満まん員いんN3
満員 states that a place has reached full capacity, while 混雑 describes the general state of being crowded or congested, without implying a fixed limit.

Opposites

閑かん散さん sense 1
閑散 describes a place as quiet and empty, the opposite of 混雑, which describes a place as crowded and congested.

Don't confuse with

混こん同どうN2
混同 shares the kanji 混 with 混雑 but means mixing up or confusing two different things, not physical crowding.

Word family

混こん雑ざつ度ど
degree of congestion; congestion level
混こん雑ざつ具ぐ合あい
degree of congestion; how crowded it is
ネット混こん雑ざつ
Internet congestion; network congestion

Etymology

Sino-Japanese compound written with 混, associated with mixing, and 雑, associated with miscellany or disorder. The spelling transparently matches the idea of many things being mixed together, though this is a component explanation rather than a detailed historical derivation.