あぶる

あ

ぶ

る

JLPTN2Freq.FrequencyTop 20,000

あぶる · godan verb (-ru)

Form	Positive	Negative
Dictionary	あぶる	あぶらない
Polite	あぶります	あぶりません
Past polite	あぶりました	あぶりませんでした
Past	あぶった	あぶらなかった
Te-form	あぶって	あぶらないで
Desire	あぶりたい	あぶりたくない
Potential	あぶれる	あぶれない
Passive	あぶられる	あぶられない
Causative	あぶらせる	あぶらせない
Causative passive	あぶらせられるalso あぶらされる	あぶらせられないalso あぶらされない
Volitional	あぶろう
Polite volitional	あぶりましょう
Imperative	あぶれ	あぶるな
Conditional	あぶれば	あぶらなければ
Tara conditional	あぶったら	あぶらなかったら

Meanings

godan verb (-ru), transitive verb

warm over a fire; dry by a fire

usually written using kana alone

Used for warming hands, drying clothes, or similar gentle heating over an open flame or heat source. Not for intense cooking.

焚たき火びで手てをあぶった。
I warmed my hands over the campfire.
濡ぬれた靴くつ下したをストーブであぶって乾かわかした。
I dried my wet socks by holding them over the stove.

godan verb (-ru), transitive verb

toast; grill; broil; roast; scorch

usually written using kana alone

Cooking by direct exposure to fire or heat, often implying light charring or browning. Can be used for toasting bread, grilling fish, or roasting meat over an open flame.

網あみの上うえで餅もちをあぶると、ふくらんで焼やき色いろがつく。
When you toast mochi on a grill, it puffs up and browns.
魚さかなを炭すみ火びであぶって食たべた。
We grilled the fish over charcoal and ate it.

See all 31 example sentences ›

Usage patterns

〈物もの〉を火ひで炙あぶるto hold something over a fire to warm or dry it
冷つめたい手てを火ひで炙あぶって温あたためた。
I warmed my cold hands over the fire.
〈物もの〉を網あみで炙あぶるto grill something on a wire grate over a flame
秋刀魚さんまを網あみで炙あぶって食たべた。
I grilled the mackerel pike over an open flame and ate it.
〈物もの〉を軽かるく炙あぶるto lightly toast or sear something
パンを軽かるく炙あぶってバターを塗ぬった。
I lightly toasted the bread and spread butter on it.
〈物もの〉の表ひょう面めんを炙あぶるto sear the surface of something
刺さし身みの表ひょう面めんをさっと炙あぶって香かおりを出だす。
I quickly seared the surface of the sashimi to bring out its aroma.

Kanji

炙roast, broil, toast
焙fire, roast
烘bake, roast, grill

Related words

焼やくN4
焼く is a general term for baking, grilling, frying, or roasting (often in a pan or oven), while 炙る specifically means holding something over or near an open flame to warm or lightly toast it.
温あたためるN3sense 1
温める means to warm something up by any method (e.g., in a microwave or bath), while 炙る specifically means warming something by holding it near an open flame.

Opposites

冷ひやすN4sense 1
冷やす means to cool something down, the opposite of 炙る's sense of warming something over a fire.

Don't confuse with

焦こがすN2sense 2
焦がす means to accidentally burn or scorch something, whereas 炙る is the deliberate act of toasting or searing food over a flame.

Word family

炙あぶり子こ
basket for drying or roasting over fire
炙あぶり料りょう理り
flame-seared dish; aburi-style cooking

Written forms

あぶるUsage56%
Usually written in kana. The kanji forms 炙る, 焙る, and 烘る exist but are less common.
炙あぶるUsage31%
Kanji form; can be used for both warming/drying and toasting/grilling senses.
焙あぶるUsage13%
Kanji form; often associated with roasting or toasting food.
烘あぶる
rarely-used kanji form
Rarely used kanji form.

Etymology

The origin is uncertain. The kanji 炙, 焙, and 烘 all relate to fire or drying, but the word itself is native Japanese.