allopatric speciation
Technical term in evolutionary biology for speciation that occurs when populations are geographically isolated.
Allopatric speciation occurs through geographic isolation.
Sympatric speciation, where new species arise within the same geographic area, often through ecological or behavioral isolation.
Compound of 異所 (いしょ, 'different place'), 的 (てき, adjectival suffix), and 種分化 (しゅぶんか, 'speciation'). The term is a direct calque of the English 'allopatric speciation'.