Medical field studying the nature and causes of disease; also used in compounds like 病理学 (pathology as a discipline) and 病理医 (pathologist).
He is a specialist in pathology.
I'm waiting for the results of the pathology test.
Researchers are trying to clarify the pathology of this disease.
He wrote a paper on the pathology of modern society.
病状 refers to the visible symptoms or clinical condition of a patient, whereas 病理 refers to the scientific cause or mechanism of the disease, not its outward signs.
Sino-Japanese compound: 病 (disease) + 理 (principle, logic).
morbid anatomy; pathological anatomy