noun
Linguistic term for the grammatical object of a verb. Used in grammar explanations and language study.
「彼は本を読む」の「本」が目的語です。
In 'He reads a book,' 'book' is the object.
述語 is the predicate, the part of a sentence that says something about the subject, often including the verb and object.
Compound of 目的 (mokuteki, 'purpose, objective') and 語 (go, 'word, language'), likely a calque from Western grammatical terminology.