He researched his genealogy and learned that his ancestors were samurai.
This thought traces its lineage back to ancient Greek philosophy.
This novel is an attempt to trace the lineage of Japanese literature.
He is descended from a lineage of noble aristocrats.
This painter is part of the lineage of the Impressionists.
He is known as the disciple who carries on his master's lineage.
系統 stresses a systematic classification or connected system (biological, organizational, etc.), whereas 系譜 is specifically about ancestral or historical descent.
血統 emphasizes pure biological bloodline, often used for animals or pedigree, while 系譜 covers both blood lineage and figurative lineage of ideas or traditions.
系譜 is the standard word for a family tree or lineage record, while 譜 alone carries this sense mainly in formal or historical writing.
系図 is the physical family-tree diagram or chart, while 系譜 is the lineage or line of descent itself (which a 系図 may depict).
genealogy (as a field of study)
系 (lineage, system) + 譜 (record, chart). The combination naturally yields 'genealogical record' or 'lineage chart'. The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the kanji components transparently reflect the meaning.