background check; probity investigation
A formal investigation into a person's conduct, character, and history, often for employment, security clearance, or pre-marital screening.
More companies are conducting background checks before hiring.
He hired a private investigator to look into his fiancée's background.
身元調査 focuses on identity and personal history (family, address, etc.), while 素行調査 emphasizes conduct and behavior.
身上調査 is a broader term covering personal circumstances, finances, and character, often used in credit or tenant screening.
Compound of 素行 (conduct, behavior) and 調査 (investigation, inquiry).