neurosurgeon
Medical specialist who performs surgery on the brain and nervous system.
He is a famous neurosurgeon.
Becoming a neurosurgeon requires long training.
脳外科医 is a more general term for brain surgeon, while 脳神経外科医 specifically includes the nervous system.
Compound of 脳 (brain), 神経 (nerve), 外科 (surgery), and 医 (doctor).