Western books (Edo period); Dutch books
Historical term for Western books, especially Dutch ones, during Japan's Edo period. Now archaic; used only in historical contexts.
During the Edo period, Western medicine was introduced to Japan through Dutch books.
Standard kanji form for this historical term.
Variant kanji form; 蛮 can carry a derogatory nuance ('barbarian'), but both forms refer to the same historical concept.
From 蕃 (ban, 'foreign, Western') + 書 (sho, 'book'). The kanji 蕃 was used in the Edo period to refer to Western things, especially Dutch.