negative electrode; cathode
Technical term used in electronics and electrochemistry. In a discharging battery, the negative electrode is the anode; in an electrolytic cell, it is the cathode. Context determines the exact English equivalent.
In a battery, electrons flow out from the negative electrode.
Lithium is often used as the material for the negative electrode.
Cathode; in a discharging battery, the positive electrode is the cathode, but in electrolysis the cathode is the negative electrode.
Compound of 負 (negative) + 電極 (electrode). A straightforward technical term with no irregular etymology.