noun
orogenesis; mountain building
Geological term for the process of mountain formation, typically through tectonic plate movements.
ヒマラヤ山脈は造山運動によって形成された。
The Himalayas were formed by orogenesis.
造山帯 refers to an orogenic belt or zone, while 造山運動 is the process of mountain building itself.
Compound of 造山 (mountain building) + 運動 (movement). The term is a direct translation of the geological concept.