Refers to the process of distributing power away from a central authority; used in political, administrative, and organizational contexts.
The government promoted decentralization and gave more authority to local governments.
地方分権 is the more common term for 'decentralization' in modern Japanese, especially regarding local autonomy. 集権排除 is a rarer, more formal compound that literally means 'exclusion of centralization'.
Compound of 集権 (centralization) and 排除 (exclusion, removal). The exact historical derivation is uncertain; it is a formal term likely coined in political or administrative discourse.