JLPT N1Written, formalOfficial statements

に鑑かんがみてin view of; in the light of

A circumstance that matters has been weighed, and a decision follows from it. It is the language of official statements.

現げん在ざいの状じょう況きょうに鑑かんがみて、大たい会かいの開かい催さいを延えん期きします。

In view of the present situation, the tournament will be postponed.

事じ態たいの重じゅう大だい性せいに鑑かんがみ、社しゃ長ちょうは辞じ任にんを表ひょう明めいした。

In view of the gravity of the situation, the president announced that he would resign.

How to form it

Noun + に鑑かんがみて／に鑑かんがみ

Read かんがみて. に鑑かんがみ is the stiffer of the two, usual in laws and formal notices. You will also meet を鑑かんがみて. It is common, but に is the standard particle, and many people call を a mistake.

Before it: How things stand: 状じょう況きょう, 情じょう勢せい, 事じ態たい, 事じ情じょう. Or how serious or important something is: 重じゅう大だい性せい, 重じゅう要よう性せい, 影えい響きょう.
After it: What was decided: 延えん期きする, 中ちゅう止しする, 見み送おくる, 決けっ定ていする.
Where you'll meet it: Government and company statements, formal notices, laws, court rulings. Hardly ever in conversation.
In everyday speech: 〜を考かんがえて: 天てん気きを考かんがえて、中ちゅう止しにした, we called it off because of the weather.

In use

諸しょ般はんの事じ情じょうに鑑かんがみ、今年ことしの花はな火び大たい会かいは中ちゅう止しといたします。

In view of various circumstances, this year's fireworks display is canceled.

A stock line. 諸しょ般はんの事じ情じょう says there are reasons without giving any.

原げん材ざい料りょう費ひの高こう騰とうに鑑かんがみ、来らい月げつより価か格かくを改かい定ていいたします。

In view of the sharp rise in the cost of raw materials, our prices will change from next month.

From a price-rise notice.

当とう社しゃは、個こ人じん情じょう報ほうの重じゅう要よう性せいに鑑かんがみ、その保ほ護ごに努つとめます。

In view of the importance of personal information, we make every effort to protect it.

The opening of many privacy policies.

Close neighbours

を踏ふまえてN1

You take what is known or was said into account and go on from there. The word people use at work, said as much as written.

会かい議ぎで出でた懸け念ねんを踏ふまえて、公こう開かい日びを延えん期きした。

In view of the concerns raised at the meeting, the release date was put back.

に照てらしてN1

English says "in the light of" for this too. A case is held up against a law, a standard or a precedent, and you say how it measures up.

契けい約やく条じょう件けんに照てらして、この請せい求きゅうは認みとめられない。

Judged against the terms of the contract, this claim cannot be accepted.

を受うけてN1

Something happened or was announced, and someone reacted. It does not say that anything was weighed.

事じ故こを受うけて、会かい社しゃは安あん全ぜんルールを見み直なおした。

In response to the accident, the company revised its safety rules.

Check yourself

1A notice at a city office says this. What does it tell you?

利り用よう者しゃの増ぞう加かに鑑かんがみ、来らい月げつより窓まど口ぐちを一ひとつ増ぞう設せついたします。

Choose an answer to see why.

2You are telling a friend why you stayed at home. Which do you say?

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

A clause takes こと: 被ひ害がいが広ひろがっていることに鑑かんがみ, in view of the fact that the damage is spreading. Laws often write it in hiragana: にかんがみ.

More sentences

本ほん件けんの重じゅう要よう性せいに鑑かんがみて、第だい三さん者しゃによる調ちょう査さ委い員いん会かいを設せっ置ちした。

In view of the importance of this matter, an independent investigation committee was set up.

厳きびしい財ざい政せい状じょう況きょうに鑑かんがみ、新しん庁ちょう舎しゃの建けん設せつは見み送おくることとした。

In view of the severe state of the finances, the plan to build a new government office has been shelved.