JLPT N1Spoken and writtenMeetings, reports

を踏ふまえてtaking into account; building on

You stand on what is already known or has been said (results, the situation, people's comments) and take the next step from there.

アンケート結けっ果かを踏ふまえて、受うけ付つけ時じ間かんを一いち時じ間かん延えん長ちょうします。

In view of the survey results, we will extend reception hours by one hour.

委い員いん会かいでの議ぎ論ろんを踏ふまえ、最さい終しゅう案あんをまとめます。

We will draw up the final proposal, taking the committee's discussion into account.

Before an action

Noun + を踏ふまえて／を踏ふまえ

を踏ふまえ is the stiffer one, for prepared statements. A clause takes こと: 売うり上あげが減へったことを踏ふまえて.

Before a noun

Noun + を踏ふまえた + noun

現げん状じょうを踏ふまえた対たい策さく, measures that take the present situation into account.

Before it: Something already known or said: 結けっ果か, 現げん状じょう, 状じょう況きょう, 経けい験けん, 反はん省せい, 議ぎ論ろん, ご意い見けん.
After it: The next step: 見み直なおす, 検けん討とうする, 決きめる, まとめる, 対たい応おうする.
Where you'll meet it: Meetings, reports, press conferences, business email. Said as much as written, mostly at work.
In everyday speech: 〜を聞きいて or 〜を考かんがえて: みんなの意い見けんを聞きいて決きめた, we asked everyone what they thought, then decided.

In use

前ぜん回かいの反はん省せいを踏ふまえ、確かく認にん工こう程ていを二に段だん階かいに改あらためた。

Learning from last time, we changed the checking process to two stages.

利り用よう者しゃからの意い見けんを踏ふまえた改かい善ぜん案あんを来らい月げつ提てい示じします。

Next month we will present an improvement plan that takes users' comments into account.

いただいたご意い見けんを踏ふまえ、計けい画かくを見み直なおしてまいります。

We will review the plan in the light of the comments we have received.

A stock official reply. It promises to weigh the comments, not to follow them.

を踏ふまえて or を前ぜん提ていに?

来らい年ねんの値ね上あげを踏ふまえて、予よ算さんを組くみ直なおした。

With next year's price rise in mind, we redid the budget.

The rise is known, and the budget takes it into account.

来らい年ねんの値ね上あげを前ぜん提ていに、予よ算さんを組くみ直なおした。

We redid the budget on the assumption that prices will rise next year.

The budget assumes the rise, whether or not it is certain.

Which "based on"?

English often says "based on" for these four too.

に基もとづいてN2

What is decided or done rests on a rule, a standard or the facts, and sticks to them.

委い員いん会かいは、提てい出しゅつされた証しょう拠こに基もとづいて事じ故この原げん因いんを特とく定ていした。

The committee identified the cause of the accident based on the evidence submitted.

に即そくしてN1

You fit something closely to how things really are: the facts, local conditions.

地ち域いきの実じつ情じょうに即そくして、防ぼう災さい計けい画かくを改かい定ていした。

The disaster-preparedness plan was revised to fit actual local conditions.

に照てらしてN1

You judge something against a law, a standard or a precedent.

契けい約やく条じょう件けんに照てらして、この請せい求きゅうは認みとめられない。

Judged against the terms of the contract, this claim cannot be accepted.

を前ぜん提ていにN1

You take something as given, an assumption or an agreed condition, and build on it.

利り用よう者しゃが毎まい月つき増ふえることを前ぜん提ていに、来らい年ねん度どの予よ算さんを組くんだ。

Next year's budget was drawn up on the assumption that user numbers would rise every month.

Close neighbours

をもとに（して）N2

Something is the raw material, and something new is made from it.

これは実じつ話わをもとにした小しょう説せつだが、人じん物ぶつ名めいや結けつ末まつは創そう作さくである。

This novel is based on a true story, but the characters' names and the ending are invented.

Check yourself

1What does this tell you about the change in the law?

来らい年ねんの法ほう改かい正せいを踏ふまえて、契けい約やく書しょを見み直なおした。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

利り用よう者しゃからの苦く情じょう（　　）、受付方法うけつけほうほうを変へん更こうした。

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

Before a verdict it is を踏ふまえると, "given …".

現げん状じょうを踏ふまえると、年ねん内ないの完かん成せいは難むずかしい。

Given the present situation, finishing within the year will be difficult.

More sentences

市し場じょう調ちょう査さの結けっ果かを踏ふまえて、価か格かく設せっ定ていを見み直なおした。

We revised our pricing in the light of the market research results.

十じゅう年ねん間かんの現げん場ば経けい験けんを踏ふまえ、安あん全ぜん手て順じゅんを改かい訂ていした。

Drawing on ten years of experience in the field, we revised the safety procedures.

昨さく年ねん度どの失しっ敗ぱいを踏ふまえた再さい発はつ防ぼう止し策さくが発はっ表ぴょうされた。

Measures to prevent a recurrence, drawn up in the light of last year's failure, were announced.

現げん状じょうを踏ふまえ、無む理りのない目もく標ひょうを設せっ定ていする必ひつ要ようがある。

Given the present situation, we need to set goals that are within reach.

会かい議ぎで出でた懸け念ねんを踏ふまえて、公こう開かい日びを延えん期きした。

In view of the concerns raised at the meeting, the release date was put back.

調ちょう査さの結けっ果かを踏ふまえて、来らい年ねんの計けい画かくを立たてた。

Taking the survey results into account, we drew up next year's plan.

Compared with similar forms

Ways to say "based on"