Kotomora
JLPT N1ConstructionWritten
Furigana

ぜんていOn the assumption of; subject to

ぜんてい presents something as an assumption, agreed condition, or necessary starting condition on which a plan, decision, line of reasoning, or relationship is built.

How it works

The noun before the construction is treated as the foundation of what follows. The key idea is not merely that the two matters are related: the later plan or arrangement is designed to work only if the stated assumption or condition holds.

An agreed goal in careful speech

わたしたちはけっこんぜんていこうさいしています。

We are dating with marriage in mind.

Analyze

Marriage is presented as an agreed goal underlying the relationship, not as something that has already been decided with certainty.

Formal variants

ぜんていとして continues into a statement, while ぜんていとした directly modifies a noun. Both are especially common in formal descriptions.

あたらしいかいしつは、オンラインさんしゃがいることをぜんていとしてせっけいされている。

The new meeting room is designed on the assumption that there will be online participants.

Analyze

The presence of online participants is an assumed future circumstance built into the design.

ちょうけいやくぜんていとしたりょうきんせっていのため、たんようにはかない。

Because the pricing assumes a long-term contract, it is not suitable for short-term use.

Analyze

A long-term contract is the required condition underlying the pricing structure.

The premise need not be true yet

The condition may be a working assumption, a contractual requirement, an agreed goal, or an expected future event. The construction says that the later matter is built as if that condition holds or will hold; it does not guarantee that the condition is already true.

Assumption versus supporting grounds

ぜんてい establishes what is being assumed or required. By contrast, もとづいて identifies facts, evidence, rules, or principles used as supporting grounds.

じっそくデータにもとづいてたいしんじゅんなおした。

The earthquake-resistance standards were reviewed based on measured data.

Analyze

The data already exists and supplies evidence; it is not a condition being assumed for a future arrangement.

Underlying condition versus completed step

ぜんてい sets a condition underlying the whole arrangement. うえ can instead say that one practical step is completed before the next action.

かんけいしょしょうにんうえけいやくしょこうかいした。

The contract was released after approval had been obtained from the relevant departments.

Analyze

Approval is a completed prerequisite step before publication.

More examples

らいねんさんかくされることをぜんていさんねんかんけいかくてた。

A three-year plan was drawn up on the assumption that funding would also be secured next fiscal year.

Analyze

Continued funding is a future assumption, not an established fact.

そうほうみつまもることをぜんていにしてじょうほうきょうゆうする。

The information will be shared on the condition that both parties observe their confidentiality obligations.

Analyze

Observing confidentiality is an agreed and required condition.

このせいは、ぜんいんたんまつっていることをぜんていとしている

This system assumes that everyone has a device.

Analyze

Device ownership is a working assumption built into the system.

じゅうぶんじんいんはいぜんていとしたうんようあんだ。

It is an operating plan based on having sufficient staff in place.

Analyze

Adequate staffing is a required condition for the proposed operation.

たがいのごとそんちょうすることをぜんていどうきょはじめた。

They began living together on the understanding that they would respect each other's work.

Analyze

Mutual respect is an agreed condition underlying the living arrangement.

さいがいにもつうしんもうのうすることをぜんていとしてたいおうじゅんつくられている。

The response procedures have been created on the assumption that the communications network will function even during a disaster.

Analyze

Continued network operation is an assumed future condition built into the procedures.