JLPT N1Written, formalLaw, rulings, editorials

に照てらして・に照てらすとin the light of; judged against

Something is held up against a law, a standard or a precedent, and you say how it measures up.

the verdict

過か去この判はん例れいに照てらすと、この処しょ分ぶんは重おもすぎる。

Judged against past precedents, this penalty is too severe.

the judging

規き程ていに照てらして、申しん請せい内ない容ようを審しん査さした。

The application was examined against the regulations.

How to form it

Noun + に照てらして／に照てらすと

After に照てらすと comes the verdict. Before an action such as 審しん査さした, it is に照てらして, which can lead to a verdict too. Also に照てらし for に照てらして, and に照てらせば for に照てらすと.

Before it: The yardstick: 法ほう律りつ, 基き準じゅん, 規き定てい, 判はん例れい, 前ぜん例れい, 事じ実じつ, 常じょう識しき, 経けい験けん.
After it: A verdict (too severe, not allowed, hard to believe), or the judging: 判はん断だんする, 審しん査さする, 検けん討とうする.
Where you'll meet it: Court rulings, legal and official writing, editorials, formal meetings. Hardly ever in conversation.
In everyday speech: 〜から考かんがえると, or 〜と照てらし合あわせる for checking one thing against another.

In use

現げん時じ点てんの証しょう拠こに照てらすと、その説せつ明めいには疑ぎ問もんが残のこる。

In the light of the evidence so far, doubts remain about that explanation.

社しゃ会かい通つう念ねんに照てらして、その広こう告こく表ひょう現げんが適てき切せつか検けん討とうする。

We will consider whether the wording of the advertisement is appropriate by generally accepted standards.

常じょう識しきに照てらして考かんがえれば、そんな話はなしはあり得えない。

By any standard of common sense, a story like that is impossible.

Which "based on"?

English often says "based on" for these four too.

に基もとづいてN2

What is decided or done rests on a rule, a standard or the facts, and sticks to them.

委い員いん会かいは、提てい出しゅつされた証しょう拠こに基もとづいて事じ故この原げん因いんを特とく定ていした。

The committee identified the cause of the accident based on the evidence submitted.

に即そくしてN1

You fit something closely to how things really are: the facts, local conditions.

地ち域いきの実じつ情じょうに即そくして、防ぼう災さい計けい画かくを改かい定ていした。

The disaster-preparedness plan was revised to fit actual local conditions.

を踏ふまえてN1

You take what is known or was said into account and go on from there.

会かい議ぎで出でた懸け念ねんを踏ふまえて、公こう開かい日びを延えん期きした。

In view of the concerns raised at the meeting, the release date was put back.

を前ぜん提ていにN1

You take something as given, an assumption or an agreed condition, and build on it.

利り用よう者しゃが毎まい月つき増ふえることを前ぜん提ていに、来らい年ねん度どの予よ算さんを組くんだ。

Next year's budget was drawn up on the assumption that user numbers would rise every month.

Close neighbours

に則のっとってN1

A rule is followed: something is done the way it lays down. Nothing is judged.

個こ人じん情じょう報ほう保ほ護ご法ほうに則のっとって、収しゅう集しゅうしたデータを適てき切せつに管かん理りします。

We manage the collected data appropriately in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Act.

に鑑かんがみてN1

"In the light of" or "in view of": a circumstance is weighed, and a decision follows.

現げん在ざいの状じょう況きょうに鑑かんがみて、大たい会かいの開かい催さいを延えん期きします。

In view of the present situation, the tournament will be postponed.

Check yourself

1Which one fits?

国こく際さい的てきな基き準じゅん（　　）、この国くにの労ろう働どう時じ間かんは長ながすぎる。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

委い員いん会かいは、安あん全ぜん基き準じゅん（　　）新あたらしい設せつ備びを審しん査さした。

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

照てらす is to shine a light on something: the case is held up to the light of the rule.

名めい簿ぼと照てらし合あわせて、出しゅっ席せき者しゃを確かく認にんした。

We checked who was there against the list of names.

照てらし合あわせる, as people say it at work.

今いままでの例れいから考かんがえると、この処しょ分ぶんは重おもすぎる。

Going by past cases, this penalty is too severe.

から考かんがえると, what people say in conversation for に照てらすと.

More sentences

国くにの指し針しんに照てらして、当とう社しゃの安あん全ぜん対たい策さくを再さい評ひょう価かした。

We reassessed our safety measures against the national guidelines.

歴れき史し的てき事じ実じつに照てらすと、その解かい釈しゃくは成なり立たたない。

In the light of the historical facts, that interpretation does not hold up.

審しん査さ基き準じゅんに照てらして、委い員いん会かいは採さい用ようを見み送おくった。

Having measured it against the selection criteria, the committee decided not to adopt it.

新あたらしい運うん用よう基き準じゅんに照てらして、現げん在ざいの受付方法うけつけほうほうは不ふ適てき切せつだと判はん断だんされた。

Judged against the new operating standards, the current reception procedure was found to be inappropriate.

法ほうの趣しゅ旨しに照てらせば、この解かい釈しゃくには無む理りがある。

In the light of what the law is for, this reading of it is strained.

契けい約やく条じょう件けんに照てらして、この請せい求きゅうは認みとめられない。

Judged against the terms of the contract, this claim cannot be accepted.

Compared with similar forms

Ways to say "based on"