ときているGiven that; to top it all off
ときている presents an established circumstance—often the last and most telling one—as making a favorable or unfavorable conclusion feel natural.
How it works
The speaker normally establishes one or more facts first, then presents the part immediately before ときている as the decisive added circumstance. The effect is often “with that being the case as well” or “and to top it all off.” A following result is common, especially with から or ので, but the context can make the conclusion clear without either one.
A favorable case
この店は駅から近く、値段も手頃ときているから、昼時はいつも混んでいる。
This restaurant is close to the station, and to top it all off, its prices are reasonable, so it is always busy at lunchtime.
AnalyzeThe na-adjective attaches directly, without a final だ.
An unfavorable case
その製品は故障が多く、問い合わせへの対応も遅いときているので、評判が落ちている。
The product breaks down frequently, and on top of that, responses to inquiries are slow, so its reputation is declining.
AnalyzeBuild the case first
This expression sounds incomplete if the listener cannot see why the circumstance matters. Give enough context to make the expected judgment or result apparent. The particle も often marks the feature as one more item in the case, but it is common rather than required.
A conclusion understood from context
この旅館は料理がおいしく、部屋からの眺めも素晴らしいときている。週末の予約がすぐ埋まるのも当然だ。
The inn has delicious food, and to top it all off, the view from the rooms is superb. No wonder weekend bookings fill up immediately.
AnalyzeHere the first sentence ends with the target, and the next sentence states the natural conclusion.
Not just another additive connector
その上 neutrally adds another fact, while しかも adds a noteworthy fact more flexibly. おまけに is a more conversational, openly judgmental sentence connector. By contrast, ときている attaches to the preceding plain-form statement and presents that circumstance as the detail that completes the case.
More examples
彼は経験が豊富で、判断も速いときているから、難しい案件を任されている。
He has extensive experience, and his judgment is quick too, so he is entrusted with difficult assignments.
Analyzeこの辺りは交通が不便で、夜は街灯も少ないときている。住むには少し心細い。
Transportation around here is inconvenient, and to make matters worse, there are few streetlights at night. It would feel a little unsettling to live here.
Analyze新しい端末は軽く、電池も長持ちするときているので、出張の多い人に人気だ。
The new device is light, and its battery lasts a long time as well, so it is popular with frequent business travelers.
Analyze昨日は朝から雨で、帰りには電車まで止まったときている。散々な一日だった。
It rained from the morning yesterday, and to top it all off, the trains had stopped by the time I went home. It was an awful day.
Analyzeこの講座は内容が実践的で、受講料も無料ときているから、申し込みが殺到した。
The course is practical, and on top of that, tuition is free, so applications poured in.
Analyze山頂は気温が低く、風も強いときている。今日は登頂を見送ろう。
The temperature at the summit is low, and the wind is strong as well. Let’s call off today’s attempt to reach the top.
Analyze