Kotomora
JLPT N2Construction
Furigana

どうぜんVirtually; as good as

どうぜん says that something is not literally identical to a stronger state, but the remaining difference is practically unimportant. It often corresponds to “virtually,” “practically,” or “as good as” and gives the judgment force.

How the judgment works

The speaker first recognizes that the literal facts fall short of some stronger state, then judges that the difference no longer matters for the present purpose. The context should make both sides clear: what is still technically incomplete, and why it can nevertheless be treated as complete.

Noun and verb patterns

With a noun, the construction assigns practical or social status. With a past verb, it treats a result as virtually reached.

かれじゅうねんらいゆうじんで、もうぞくどうぜん

He has been my friend for ten years and is practically family now.

Analyze

He is not literally a relative, but the relationship is treated as socially equivalent to family.

ひつようしょるいはすべてていしゅつした。あとはしょうにんつだけなので、つづきはわったもどうぜん

All the necessary documents have been submitted. Since all that remains is to wait for approval, the procedure is as good as finished.

Analyze

Approval is still pending, so the procedure is not literally over.

Negative form

きゅうちゅうまいにちごとれんらくたいおうしていて、やすんでいないもどうぜん

I have been dealing with work messages every day of my vacation, so it is practically as if I have not taken any time off.

Analyze

Some rest may technically have occurred, but it was too limited to count as a real vacation.

Sameness and natural outcomes

おな makes an ordinary comparison, while どうぜん says forcefully that a remaining difference can be ignored. By contrast, とうぜん means that an outcome is natural, expected, or deserved; it does not equate that outcome with another state.

More examples

かのじょおさなころからいっしょそだったので、あねどうぜん

We grew up together from childhood, so she is practically a sister to me.

Analyze

へんいっげつほうしたのだから、ことわったもどうぜん

Leaving the message unanswered for a whole month was practically the same as refusing.

Analyze

まいつきへんさいきゅうりょうがほとんどのこらず、ただばたらきもどうぜん

The monthly repayments leave almost none of my salary, so I am practically working for nothing.

Analyze

つうしんしゅだんもないさんちゅうでは、たすけをべないもどうぜん

Deep in the mountains without a map or any means of communication, you are virtually unable to call for help.

Analyze

さいだいのライバルがはい退たいしたいまかれゆうしょうしたもどうぜん

Now that his greatest rival has been eliminated, he is as good as the winner.

Analyze

しょうがくきんさいようつうとどき、りゅうがくゆめかなったもどうぜん

The scholarship acceptance notice has arrived, so the dream of studying abroad is as good as fulfilled.

Analyze