Skip to content
Kotomora
JLPT N2Written, formalSpeeches

をはじめ(として)including; … and others

You name the best-known member of a group, then say something about the whole group: "Kyoto and other cities", "the president and all the staff".

How to form it

Noun + をはじめ(として)

The として is optional and changes nothing. Also written を始はじめ.

Before a noun

Noun + をはじめとする + noun for the group

Before it
The one anyone would name first: the head of the organization (社しゃ長ちょう, 校こう長ちょう先せん生せい), the biggest city, the most famous example.
After it
The rest of the group, spelled out, often with 多おおくの, 各かく地ち, 全ぜん員いん or など. The sentence is about all of them.
Where you'll meet it
News, guidebooks, notices from companies and schools, and speeches of thanks. It is too stiff for a chat, where people say とか or や.

In use

Not an order in time

It is often translated "starting with", but it says nothing about what comes first. Kyoto is the best-known place on the list, not the first stop.

Close neighbours

を中心にN2

Most of it is in or around the one you name. With をはじめ that one is just the best-known of the group.

といったN2

Two or three examples of equal weight, right before the noun that names their kind.

からしてN2

One small part is enough to judge the whole by: "even the entrance".

Check yourself

1What does this say?

東とう京きょうをはじめ、全ぜん国こくの都と市しでコンサートが開ひらかれる。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

私わたしの家いえは、父ちち(  )家か族ぞく全ぜん員いんが教きょう師しです。

Choose an answer to see why.

More sentences

をはじめ(として) (ohajime toshite) – including; … and others