Kotomora
JLPT N2AuxiliaryLiterary
Furigana

たまえOld-fashioned authoritative command

たまえ gives a measured but authoritative command from someone speaking as a superior or senior. In contemporary Japanese, it sounds literary, old-fashioned, and strongly associated with fictional or deliberately stylized speech.

The speaker takes a superior position

たまえ presents the speaker as entitled to direct the listener. Depending on the verb and scene, English may use a firm command or a controlled invitation such as “come in” or “go ahead,” but the Japanese still carries a clear difference in status.

A fictional superior speaking to a junior

きみ、そこにすわりたまえはなしこう。

Sit there. Let me hear what you have to say.

Analyze

This suits a stylized scene in which a senior official, professor, commander, or similar figure speaks downward. It would sound theatrical in most everyday workplaces.

Authoritative, but not necessarily shouted

The ending can sound calmer and more measured than a bare imperative. That does not make it polite: the speaker is still claiming authority over the listener, and the old-fashioned persona is usually the most noticeable feature today.

えんりょはいらない。さあ、はいりたまえ

No need to hesitate. Come in.

Analyze

The immediate meaning is welcoming, but the ending still makes the speaker sound senior and old-fashioned.

A distinct use in literary prayers

Literary prayers may use the same ending to ask a deity to grant or do something. This is a preserved prayer-like use, not the superior-to-junior command transferred into ordinary conversation.

かみよ、まよえるものぼうあたえたまえ

O God, grant hope to those who are lost.

Analyze

This elevated prayer style should be kept separate from fictional dialogue between people.

Choosing a modern alternative

Use なさい for a productive modern downward command, a bare imperative for a blunter direct order, and てください for an ordinary polite request. Choose たまえ mainly when you deliberately want an old-fashioned superior persona.

More examples

まずはほうこくしょみたまえ

First, read the report.

Analyze

A stylized instruction from a superior.

ぶんたしかめたまえ

See for yourself.

Analyze

こたえをいそがず、よくかんがえたまえ

Do not rush your answer; think it over carefully.

Analyze

きなものをひとえらびたまえ

Choose one that you like.

Analyze

しんぱいせず、きみけいかくつづけたまえ

Do not worry; continue with your plan.

Analyze

ようができたものからしゅっぱつしたまえ

Those who are ready may set out.

Analyze

The English sounds permissive, but the Japanese still presents an authoritative direction.