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JLPT N2Construction
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(よ)うかまいかWhether to do or not

This pattern shows someone actively weighing two choices: performing an action or deciding not to perform it. The decision remains unresolved.

An unresolved personal choice

The same verb appears twice. The first half presents doing the action as one possible choice, while the second presents deliberately refraining from it. The two markers hold the alternatives open rather than announcing a decision.

かれはそのがみおくろうかおくるまいかひとばんじゅうかんがえた。

He spent the whole night wondering whether to send the letter or not.

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Reflection and reported deliberation

The deciding person may be the narrator, the subject of a sentence, or someone whose uncertainty is being reported.

ごとめようかめまいかかのじょすうしゅうかんまよっている。

She has been agonizing for weeks over whether to quit her job.

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This uses the common stem attachment for an ichidan verb.

ぞくは、かれしゅじゅつけようかけまいかまよっているのをっていた。

His family knew that he was unsure whether to undergo the operation.

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だいひょうていあんれようかれまいかさいまでけつだんできなかった。

The representative could not decide until the end whether to accept the proposal.

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Deliberation versus an unchanged outcome

ようか~まいか leaves the person's choice unresolved. By contrast, replacing the two question markers with says that the following result is unchanged whichever alternative occurs.

かれようとまいとかいていどおりはじめる。

Whether he comes or not, we will start the meeting as scheduled.

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This is the neighboring indifference pattern, not unresolved deliberation.

More examples

おうしようかおうするまいかりのまでめられなかった。

I could not decide until the deadline whether to apply.

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This uses the clear dictionary-form attachment with an irregular verb.

ほんとうゆうはなそうかはなすまいかかれはしばらくだまってかんがえた。

He was silent for a while, considering whether to reveal the real reason.

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そのはなれようかはなれまいかわたしいっしゅんためらった。

For a moment, I hesitated over whether to leave.

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ちょうけいかくこうひょうしようかこうひょうするまいかはんだんりゅうした。

The mayor deferred the decision on whether to make the plan public.

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かれたすけをもとめようかもとめるまいかなんかんがなおした。

I reconsidered again and again whether to ask him for help.

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このじつほうこくしょこうかくまいか調ちょういんたちはしんちょうきょうした。

The investigators carefully discussed whether to include this fact in the report.

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