(よ)うか~まいかwhether to or not
You are torn between doing something and not doing it: "shall I or shan't I?". It is written, and a little literary.
He spent the whole night wondering whether or not to send the letter.
For weeks she has been torn over whether to quit her job.
How to form it
行こうか行くまいか / 食べようか食べまいか / しようかするまいか
The same verb twice: its (よ)う form with か, then its まい form with か. Godan verbs (う-verbs) take まい on the dictionary form. Ichidan verbs (る-verbs) can also keep る: 食べるまいか. A verb like 留学する need not repeat its noun: 留学しようかするまいか. 来る is 来ようか来るまいか or 来まいか.
- After it
- A verb of wavering or deciding: 迷う, 悩む, 考える, ためらう, 決められない.
- The verb
- Something the person can choose to do: go, say, send, quit.
- Said about
- Yourself, or someone whose wavering you are describing.
- Where you'll meet it
- Novels, essays, exam passages. Said aloud it can sound like storytelling.
In use
He was silent for a while, wondering whether or not to give the real reason.
Right up to the deadline, I couldn't decide whether to apply or not.
For a moment I hesitated: should I leave or not?
In conversation
I can't decide whether to go on the trip or not.
Written.
I can't decide whether to go on the trip.
What people say. Also 行くかどうか迷ってる.
Close neighbours
かどうかN4
The everyday "whether", and the one for what isn't a choice: whether it will rain is 降るかどうか, not 降ろうか降るまいか.
I don't know yet if I can go tomorrow.
With と or が in place of か, nobody is wavering: "whether or not", it makes no difference.
Whether he comes or not, we will start the meeting at ten.
Check yourself
1Which one fits?
彼に
Choose an answer to see why.
2Which sentence is right?
Choose an answer to see why.
More sentences
I still can't decide whether to keep waiting or not.
His family knew that he was unsure whether to have the operation.
The representative could not decide, right to the end, whether to accept the proposal.
Again and again I thought over whether to ask him for help.