に代わってin place of; on behalf of
Someone or something takes over a role: a deputy speaks for the boss, a new system replaces the old one. It is the formal relative of かわりに.
The vice president gave the address at the ceremony in place of the president.
Electronic payment has come to be widely used in place of cash.
How to form it
Noun + に代わって
Only a noun comes before it. に代わり is the same in stiffer writing, and speeches use に代わりまして.
Before a noun
Noun + に代わる + noun
石油に代わるエネルギー, energy to replace oil.
- Before it
- The one whose role is taken over. A person: 社長, 父, 本人. Or a thing, a system, a method: 現金, 紙, 旧制度.
- After it
- Who or what takes over, and what they do in that role.
- Where you'll meet it
- News, announcements, speeches, business email.
In use
In my father's place, my older sister spoke for the family.
Online applications were introduced in place of paper forms.
The coach will lead the team in place of the departing manager.
On behalf of the president, I would like to say a few words.
The opening of a speech.
At home it's のかわりに
When one person stands in for another, both words work. のかわりに is what you say to a friend, and に代わって is for a report or a speech.
I went to the ceremony instead of my father.
Telling a friend.
I attended the ceremony in my father's place.
In a report or a speech.
For an everyday swap of one thing for another, に代わって sounds like an announcement.
Sounds odd: 今日は
Today I used soy milk in place of milk.
In your own kitchen: 牛乳のかわりに.
Close neighbours
かわりにN3
The everyday word. It also follows a verb, "instead of doing", and marks a trade-off, "in return for". に代わって does neither.
Instead of calling, I sent an email.
Check yourself
1Which one fits?
出かける
Choose an answer to see why.
2You are telling a friend what you cooked. Which sounds natural?
Choose an answer to see why.
More detail
It is the verb 代わる, to take someone's place. You hear the verb when a phone call is passed to someone else.
Hello, Tanaka speaking.
Said by the person who has just taken over the call.
More sentences
A proxy voted in place of the committee member who was absent.
This product uses recycled plastic in place of wood.
A new evaluation system will be introduced next financial year in place of the old one.
A face-recognition system now controls who comes and goes, in place of the old keys.