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JLPT N3Essays, reportsCareful

と言いえるit is fair to say (that)

The hedge of careful writing: "it is fair to say that…", word for word "it can be said". The conclusion is your own; "people say" is と言いわれている.

How to form it

Plain form + と言える

A noun or a な-adjective usually keeps its だ: 成せい功こうだと言いえる. Polite と言いえます. Often written といえる.

Softer

…と言えるだろう/と言えるでしょう

"It would be fair to say."

Negative

…とは言えない

"It can't really be called…"

Before it
A conclusion, with the grounds for it given first: …ので, …から, or the sentence before.
Tone
Measured: more careful than a flat だ, and less personal than と思おもう.
Where you'll meet it
Essays, reports, newspaper columns, reviews, presentations. In a reading passage it often marks what the writer concludes.

In use

Two things to know

For a taste or a feeling, it is と思おもう

と言いえる claims that the facts are behind you. About a taste or a feeling, it sounds like a critic handing down a verdict.

Sounds odd: このラーメンはおいしいと言いえる。

It is fair to say that this ramen is good.

To a friend: おいしいと思おもう.

とは言いえない is a careful no

It stops short of the opposite: not convenient, without calling the place inconvenient. This one is common in everyday talk too, as a polite way to find fault.

Close neighbours

と言われているN3

"It is said": what people in general say, and not the writer's own judgment.

のではないだろうかN3

Softer still: the conclusion is put to the reader as a question.

Check yourself

1Whose view is this?

この川かわの水みずは、十じゅう年ねん前まえよりきれいになったと言いえる。

Choose an answer to see why.

2What does the writer think of the hotel?

このホテルは静しずかだとは言いえない。

Choose an answer to see why.

3You are telling a friend about a film. Which sounds natural?

Choose an answer to see why.

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