Kotomora
JLPT N4ConnectiveWritten
Furigana

またはOr (alternatives)

または connects two or more alternatives, meaning “or.” It is especially common in instructions, forms, notices, and organized writing.

How it works

Place the connective between alternatives that play the same role in the sentence: two things, two methods, two actions, or two complete possibilities. The alternatives do not have to be the same length, but the choice between them should be logically clear.

Typical written uses

Short noun-level choices are especially common on forms and in instructions, while longer alternatives often appear in notices and careful explanations.

もうしこみしょゆうそうまたはメールでていしゅつしてください。

Please submit the application form by post or email.

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かいいん番号ばんごまたはとうろくしたメールアドレスをにゅうりょくしてください。

Enter your membership number or the email address you registered.

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おうしゃは、さくひんゆうそうする、またはうけつけちょくせつさんすることができます。

Applicants may mail their work or bring it directly to the reception desk.

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Do not confuse addition with choice

または presents alternatives, whereas また adds another point or means “again.” In a direct conversational question asking someone to choose, それとも is usually more natural.

でんしゃきますか、それともバスできますか。

Will you go by train, or will you go by bus?

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This is a direct question to the listener, so the conversational choice connector is preferred.

More examples

ちょうしょくにはパンまたははんえらべます。

For breakfast, you can choose bread or rice.

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れんらくでんまたはメールでおねがいします。

Please contact us by phone or email.

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ほんにんまたはしゃしょめいしてください。

The applicant or a parent or guardian should sign.

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このくすりしょくすぐ、またはされたかんんでください。

Take this medicine immediately after a meal or at the time instructed by your doctor.

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じょうきょうおうじて、かいをオンラインでおこなう、またはらいしゅうえんします。

Depending on the circumstances, we will hold the meeting online or postpone it until next week.

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こたえはひとつ、またはふくすうあいがあります。

There may be one answer or several.

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または (matawa) – Or (alternatives)