Translation guide
Describes cold weather or a cold sensation, often mildly cold. In Japanese, different words are used for weather, air temperature, and personal feeling of cold.
Describing the weather or air temperature as cold, often unpleasantly so.
The most common word for cold weather or air. Used for ambient temperature.
Expressing that you feel cold, or that a part of your body is cold.
Also used for personal sensation of cold. Can be used with body parts.
Describing a person's demeanor or a social atmosphere as cold, unfriendly, or distant.
今日は寒いですね。
It's chilly today, isn't it?
It was especially chilly in the morning.
Literally 'skin-cold', used for a slight chill in the air, often in early autumn or spring.
Autumn nights are chilly.
Verb meaning 'to get chilly/cold', often used for a sudden drop in temperature.
They say it will get chilly tonight.
I'm chilly! Turn on the heater.
My hands are chilly.
Used for cold to the touch, like objects, liquids, or body parts. Not for ambient air.
Literally 'to have a chill', often implying a shiver or the onset of a cold.
I feel a bit chilly/shivery.
Used metaphorically for a cold attitude or unfriendly behavior.
He is a chilly person.
I was given the cold shoulder (a chilly attitude).
Describes a distant, standoffish, or chilly manner.
She was chilly/distant.