Translation guide
To reach a conclusion by reasoning from known facts or evidence. In Japanese, this is commonly expressed with verbs like 推測する (to infer), 推論する (to reason), or 判断する (to judge). The choice depends on formality and the nature of the reasoning.
To form an opinion or conclusion based on available information or clues.
The most common and neutral way to say 'deduce' or 'infer'. Used in both spoken and written contexts.
彼の表情から、何かあったと推測した。
I deduced from his expression that something had happened.
To sense or infer something intuitively, often based on subtle cues or empathy. Common in everyday conversation.
彼女が忙しいことはすぐに察した。
I quickly deduced that she was busy.
To guess or conjecture, often with a nuance of estimating someone's feelings or situation. Slightly literary.
彼の心中を推し量るのは難しい。
It's difficult to deduce what's on his mind.
To arrive at a conclusion through logical reasoning or deduction.
Formal term for logical deduction or inference. Often used in academic or technical contexts.
与えられたデータから結論を推論した。
I deduced the conclusion from the given data.
Specifically means 'to deduce' in the logical sense (deductive reasoning). Very technical and rare in everyday language.
一般原則から個別の事実を演繹する。
Deduce specific facts from general principles.
To reach a decision or judgment after thinking about known facts.
To judge or conclude based on available information. Very common and versatile.
状況から判断して、彼は来ないだろう。
Judging from the situation, I deduce he won't come.
To draw a conclusion. Emphasizes the final step of reasoning.
証拠から彼が犯人だと結論づけた。
I deduced from the evidence that he was the culprit.
To deduce or work out something in a casual, everyday manner.
To have a rough idea or guess. Often used when you can deduce something approximately.
彼がどこにいるか見当がつく？
Can you deduce where he is?
Simply means 'to understand' or 'to realize'. In context, it can imply deduction.
話を聞いて、彼が嘘をついているとわかった。
Listening to him, I deduced he was lying.
推測する is a general term for inferring or guessing based on evidence, while 推論する is more formal and implies a logical reasoning process. Use 推測する in daily conversation and 推論する in academic or technical writing.
There is no single Japanese verb that covers all uses of 'deduce'. Often, a more specific verb like 判断する or 察する is more natural. Using 推測する in every case can sound stiff or overly formal.