Translation guide
The English word "evidence" covers a range of concepts from physical proof to testimony and signs. In Japanese, the most common equivalent is 証拠 (しょうこ), but depending on context, words like 証言 (しょうげん), 形跡 (けいせき), or 根拠 (こんきょ) may be more natural. This guide helps you choose the right expression.
Referring to objects, documents, or facts that prove something, especially in legal, scientific, or everyday contexts.
The most direct and common translation for 'evidence' in the sense of proof. Used in legal, scientific, and everyday situations.
His fingerprints were found as evidence.
Without evidence, I can't say anything.
Specifically 'physical evidence', used in legal or investigative contexts.
The police are collecting physical evidence.
Referring to spoken or written statements given as proof, especially in court or formal settings.
Referring to observable signs that suggest something happened or exists, often without concrete proof.
Refers to traces, marks, or evidence of something having occurred. Often used when there is no direct proof but signs point to it.
There was no evidence of a break-in.
Similar to 形跡, but often used for physical traces like footprints or remnants. Slightly more formal or literary.
Referring to the foundation or reason for believing something, often in logical or argumentative contexts.
Means 'basis' or 'grounds'. Used when talking about the reasoning or foundation behind a claim, rather than physical proof.
There is no evidence to support that claim.
It is based on scientific evidence.
Refers to supporting evidence or corroboration. Often used in phrases like 裏付けとなる証拠 (supporting evidence).
Describing something that is clearly visible or noticeable.
While 証拠 is the most direct translation, it can sound too strong or legalistic in casual contexts. For everyday signs or indications, use 形跡 or 様子 (ようす). For logical basis, use 根拠.
証拠 refers to concrete proof (objects, data), while 根拠 refers to the logical basis or grounds for a belief. You can have 根拠 without physical 証拠.
He gave evidence in court.
容疑者の供述は矛盾している。
The suspect's statement is inconsistent.
There's no sign that he came.
犯人の痕跡は見つからなかった。
No trace of the culprit was found.
その理論を裏付ける証拠はまだない。
There is still no evidence to support that theory.