Translation guide
The English word 'proof' covers several distinct ideas: evidence that something is true, a test version of something, a mathematical or logical demonstration, and the strength of alcohol. This guide helps learners choose the right Japanese expression for each meaning.
Do you have any proof?
You want to say that something shows or proves a fact, claim, or statement is correct.
The most common and general word for physical or factual evidence. Used in legal, everyday, and formal contexts.
There is no proof that he is the culprit.
Refers to the act of proving or a formal demonstration of truth, often used for documents, certificates, or mathematical proofs.
Supporting evidence or corroboration that backs up a claim. Often used in news or academic contexts.
A somewhat literary or formal word for proof or evidence, often used in set phrases.
You are talking about a preliminary version of a document, design, or product that is checked before final production.
You are talking about a rigorous argument that establishes the truth of a statement in mathematics or logic.
You are referring to the measure of ethanol content in an alcoholic beverage.
Standard term for alcohol by volume (ABV).
You want to describe something that is resistant to or protected from something else, like water or fire.
Suffix meaning 'resistance to ~'. Attach to nouns like 水 (water) or 火 (fire).
That photo will serve as proof.
身分証明書を見せてください。
Please show me some proof of identity.
This document serves as proof of address.
その説には科学的な裏付けがない。
There is no scientific proof for that theory.
That is proof of his innocence.
Specifically refers to proofreading or a proof copy of printed material. Used in publishing and printing.
Check the proof sheets.
Please do the final proofreading.
A test print or proof print, often used for photos or artwork.
I'll order after seeing the proof print.
Loanword from English, used in design and printing industries for a proof copy.
Check the design proof.
The standard term for a mathematical proof.
The proof of this theorem is difficult.
Logical proof or demonstration, often used in philosophy or formal logic.
His proof has a flaw.
This whiskey is high proof.
Loanword used specifically for the US/UK proof system, not commonly understood by general Japanese speakers.
In the US, 80 proof is standard.
This watch is water-resistant.
Phrase meaning 'strong against ~'. More colloquial than 耐性.
This material is heat-proof.
Prefix meaning 'proof against' or 'prevention of'. Common in compounds like 防水 (waterproof) or 防火 (fireproof).
Please wear a waterproof jacket.
Prove a theorem.
The loanword プルーフ is only used in specialized contexts like printing or alcohol. Using it for evidence or mathematical proof will sound unnatural.
Intended: There's no proof.
Correct: There's no proof.
Can you show me proof of purchase?