Translation guide
The English word "proposal" covers several distinct situations: a formal suggestion or plan, a marriage proposal, a business or project proposal, and a formal motion in a meeting. Japanese uses different words and expressions for each.
A formal suggestion, plan, or idea put forward for consideration, often in business, government, or academic contexts.
The most common and general word for a proposal or suggestion. Used in business, meetings, and everyday situations.
I made a proposal for a new project.
His proposal was approved at the meeting.
A formal proposal or recommendation, often from an expert or committee. Slightly more weighty than 提案.
The committee made a policy proposal to the government.
An original proposal or initiative; emphasizes that the idea originated from the proposer.
This project was her proposal (original idea).
An offer of marriage.
The standard loanword for a marriage proposal. Used as a noun and a verb (プロポーズする).
A more traditional and formal way to say "propose marriage." Literally "to apply for marriage."
A formal or literary term for proposing marriage. Rare in everyday conversation.
He proposed to her.
A detailed written plan or offer, often in response to a request for proposals (RFP) or as a sales pitch.
A written proposal document. The standard term in business contexts.
Please submit the proposal by tomorrow.
A planning proposal or project proposal document, often used for internal projects or creative pitches.
Loanword used in some business or academic contexts, especially for formal written proposals. Less common than 提案書.
A formal suggestion put to a vote in a meeting or assembly.
提案 (ていあん) is the general term for a suggestion or proposal. 提言 (ていげん) is a formal recommendation, often from an authoritative source. 発案 (はつあん) emphasizes that the idea originated with the proposer and is often used for original initiatives.
Using 提案 for a marriage proposal sounds businesslike and unromantic. Use プロポーズ or 結婚を申し込む instead.
I have a proposal for you.
Casual way to introduce a suggestion.
She accepted his proposal.
Marriage context.
The proposal was rejected.
Business/formal context.
It was a wonderful proposal.
He proposed marriage to her.
新製品の企画書を作成しています。
I'm preparing a proposal for a new product.
Please tell me the criteria for evaluating proposals.
The motion was passed unanimously.
He proposed a new rule.