Translation guide
The English verb 'withhold' means to refuse to give something that is due or expected, or to suppress an action or emotion. This guide covers natural Japanese ways to express these ideas.
To deliberately not give something that is owed, requested, or expected.
Formal verb meaning to withhold or refrain from giving. Used for permissions, statements, or payments.
The company withheld the release of detailed information.
To put on hold, defer, or withhold a decision or action temporarily.
I'll withhold my judgment.
Literally 'not give'. Simple and direct, but can sound blunt. Use with care.
Can sound harsh; often better to use a softer expression.
He withheld permission.
To be stingy or reluctant to give something, often money or information.
He is withholding the salary.
To restrain oneself from expressing or acting on something.
To suppress, hold back, or control. Commonly used for emotions, laughter, or impulses.
I withheld my anger.
To endure, bear, or hold back (tears, laughter, pain). Often used for physical or emotional restraint.
To be patient, endure, or hold back. Common for suppressing desires or discomfort.
I withheld my laughter.
To refrain from doing something; to hold back. Often used for actions or statements.
To retain a portion of money, especially for legal or contractual reasons.
差し控える implies a deliberate refusal to give something now, often permanently. 保留する means to defer or put on hold, with the possibility of giving later.
There is no single Japanese verb that covers all uses of 'withhold'. Translating it literally as 保留する or 差し控える in every context will sound unnatural. Choose based on the specific meaning.
涙をこらえた。
I withheld my tears.
発言を控えた。
I withheld my comment.
The company withholds income tax.
手数料を差し引いて支払う。
Pay after withholding the fee.