差し控える · ichidan verb
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 差し控える | 差し控えない |
| Polite | 差し控えます | 差し控えません |
| Past polite | 差し控えました | 差し控えませんでした |
| Past | 差し控えた | 差し控えなかった |
| Te-form | 差し控えて | 差し控えないで |
| Desire | 差し控えたい | 差し控えたくない |
| Potential | 差し控えられるalso 差し控えれる | 差し控えられないalso 差し控えれない |
| Passive | 差し控えられる | 差し控えられない |
| Causative | 差し控えさせる | 差し控えさせない |
| Causative passive | 差し控えさせられる | 差し控えさせられない |
| Volitional | 差し控えよう | |
| Polite volitional | 差し控えましょう | |
| Imperative | 差し控えろ | 差し控えるな |
| Conditional | 差し控えれば | 差し控えなければ |
| Tara conditional | 差し控えたら | 差し控えなかったら |
ichidan verb, transitive verb
be moderate in; hold back on; not overdo
Used for consciously limiting one's actions, consumption, or speech; often implies self-restraint or prudence.
I'm holding back on sweets for my health.
He refrained from speaking.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
refrain from; withhold; abstain from
Stronger nuance of deliberately not doing or not disclosing something, often in formal or official contexts.
I will refrain from commenting on the details.
The announcement was withheld until next week.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
be nearby; be close by
Rare, archaic intransitive use; modern Japanese normally uses 近くにいる or そばにいる. Found mainly in older texts.
In classical language, 差し控える can mean 'to be nearby'.
I will refrain from commenting on that matter.
The company is withholding comment on the accident.
I'm cutting back on salt as my doctor advised.
I'm trying to cut back on alcohol for my health.