極
extreme, pole, extremely, very, highly, most, end, settlement, conclusion, highest rank
Readings
On'yomi
- キョク
- ゴク
Kun'yomi
- きわ.める
- きわ.まる
- きわ.まり
- きわ.み
- き.める
- -ぎ.め
- き.まる
Meaning
極 centers on reaching the furthest point or highest degree: an extreme, a pole, the very end, or the utmost rank. The settlement and conclusion senses are natural extensions of arriving at a final, definitive point.
Most common words using 極
24 of 313- 積極せっきょくN3
active; positive; progressive
- 極ごくN2
quite; very
- 極めてきわめてN2
exceedingly; extremely; decisively
- 究極きゅうきょくN1
ultimate; final; last; eventual
- 極端きょくたんN1
extreme; extremity
- 極めるきわめるN1
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to reach the limits of something
- 極秘ごくひN1
absolute secrecy
- 極限きょくげんN1
utmost limits; extremity
- 極みきわみ
height; acme; extremity; peak
- 極力きょくりょくN1
to the utmost; to the best of one's ability
- 極上ごくじょう
first-rate; finest quality; the best
- 南極なんきょくN3
South Pole
- 消極しょうきょく
passive; negative; conservative
- 極度きょくど
maximum; extreme; utmost
- 極東きょくとう
Far East
- 北極ほっきょくN3
North Pole
- 電極でんきょく
electrode
- 極右きょくう
far right (in politics); extreme right; ultraright
- 見極めるみきわめるN1
to watch to the end
- 極楽ごくらくN1
Sukhavati (Amitabha's Pure Land)
- 対極たいきょく
antipodes
- 極まるきわまる
to reach an extreme; to reach a limit; to terminate; to come to an end
- 極寒ごっかん
extreme cold; intense cold; coldest season; midwinter
- 北極圏ほっきょくけん
Arctic Circle; the Arctic
Study
Etymology
極 combines 木 (tree/wood) with 亟, which likely contributes the sound and carries the idea of reaching an extreme or endpoint. The character originally referred to the ridgepole of a roof, the highest wooden beam, from which the abstract sense of 'extreme' developed.
Meaning mnemonic
A wooden beam (木) at the very top of a roof marks the extreme point. From that highest ridge, the idea extends to any ultimate limit or pole.
Reading mnemonic
For キョク, imagine a wooden beam bending to its extreme limit with a loud 'kyock!' sound: kyock -> キョク, as the wood reaches its breaking point.