独
single, alone, spontaneously, Germany
Readings
On'yomi
- ドク
- トク
Kun'yomi
- ひと.り
Nanori
- どいつ
- どっ
Meaning
独 centers on being the only one: single, alone, or acting on one's own. The meaning 'Germany' is a specific abbreviation derived from the idea of independence or self-reliance.
Most common words using 独
24 of 276- 独自どくじN1
original; unique; distinctive; characteristic; peculiar
- 独立どくりつN3
independence; self-reliance; supporting oneself; being on one's own
- 独特どくとくN2
peculiarity; uniqueness; characteristic
- 単独たんどくN1
sole; single; solo
- 孤独こどくN1
solitude; loneliness; isolation
- 独占どくせんN1
monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity
- 独身どくしんN4
unmarried; single
- 独どく
Germany
- 独裁どくさいN1
dictatorship; despotism; autocracy
- 独り言ひとりごとN2
soliloquy; monologue; speaking to oneself
- 独断どくだんN1
one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision
- 独創どくそうN1
originality
- 独学どくがくN1
self-education; self-instruction; self-study
- 独り占めひとりじめN1
hogging; having all to oneself; monopolising; monopolizing
- 独走どくそう
running alone; running solo
- 独房どくぼう
single-person cell; isolation cell; solitary cell; solitary confinement cell
- 独奏どくそう
(instrumental) solo; recital
- 独唱どくしょう
vocal solo
- 独演どくえん
solo; solo performance
- 独りでにひとりでにN2
by itself; automatically; naturally
- 独禁法どっきんほう
antitrust law; Antitrust Act
- 独楽こまN1
spinning top
- 独立国どくりつこく
independent state; independent nation
- 西独せいどく
West Germany (1949-1990)
Study
Etymology
独 is the modern simplified form of 獨. The older form combines 犭 (dog) with 蜀, which likely contributed the sound and the idea of a lone animal. The modern form replaces 蜀 with 虫, but the original meaning of singleness remains.
Meaning mnemonic
A lone dog 犭 beside a bug 虫: picture a single dog staring intently at one bug, completely alone in its focus.
Reading mnemonic
For ドク, imagine a single dock extending into a quiet lake, alone and solitary: dock -> ドク, and the lone dock represents the kanji's core idea of singleness.