除
exclude, division (x/3), remove, abolish, cancel, except
Readings
On'yomi
- ジョ
- ジ
Kun'yomi
- のぞ.く
- -よ.け
Meaning
除 centers on taking something away or setting it apart: removing, excluding, canceling, or abolishing. The mathematical division sense is a specialized application of separating into parts.
Most common words using 除
20 of 218- 掃除そうじN5
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
- 除くのぞくN3
to remove; to get rid of; to take away; to eliminate
- 解除かいじょN1
termination (of a contract); cancellation; rescinding; rescission
- 削除さくじょN3
deletion; elimination; erasure; striking out
- 排除はいじょN1
exclusion; removal; elimination; clearing away; getting rid of
- 除じょ
division
- 除去じょきょ
removal; getting rid of
- 除外じょがいN1
exception; exclusion
- 駆除くじょ
extermination (of pests); eradication; stamping out (e.g. a social evil)
- 除けよけ
protection; repellent
- 免除めんじょN1
exemption; exoneration; discharge
- 取り除くとりのぞくN2
to remove; to deinstall; to take away; to set apart
- 切除せつじょ
cut off; cut out; ablation; resection; surgical removal
- 控除こうじょN1
subtraction; deduction (e.g. of tax)
- 除雪じょせつ
snow removal
- 除名じょめい
striking off a name; dropping a name (from a list); expulsion; excommunication
- 除隊じょたい
military discharge
- 除草じょそう
weeding
- 防除ぼうじょ
prevention (of plant disease and insect damage); (pest) control; extermination (of harmful insects)
- 虫除けむしよけ
insecticide; insect repellent
Study
Etymology
除 combines ⻖ (mound, hill) with 余, which likely contributes the sound. The original meaning is associated with removing or clearing away, possibly from the idea of leveling a mound.
Meaning mnemonic
The mound radical ⻖ on the left and 余 on the right suggest a mound being leveled or taken away. Picture a hill being removed to make space, just as 除 means to exclude or abolish.
Reading mnemonic
For ジョ, imagine a judge ordering the removal of an obstacle: judge -> ジョ, and the mound is cleared away.