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Kotomora

除

exclude, division (x/3), remove, abolish, cancel, except

JLPTN3StatusJōyō · grade 6FrequencyTop 1,000Strokes10

Readings

On'yomi

  • ジョ
  • ジ

Kun'yomi

  • のぞ.く
  • -よ.け

Meaning

除 centers on taking something away or setting it apart: removing, excluding, canceling, or abolishing. The mathematical division sense is a specialized application of separating into parts.

Most common words using 除

20 of 218
  • 掃除そうじ
    N5

    cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing

  • 除くのぞく
    N3

    to remove; to get rid of; to take away; to eliminate

  • 解除かいじょ
    N1

    termination (of a contract); cancellation; rescinding; rescission

  • 削除さくじょ
    N3

    deletion; elimination; erasure; striking out

  • 排除はいじょ
    N1

    exclusion; removal; elimination; clearing away; getting rid of

  • 除じょ

    division

  • 除去じょきょ

    removal; getting rid of

  • 除外じょがい
    N1

    exception; exclusion

  • 駆除くじょ

    extermination (of pests); eradication; stamping out (e.g. a social evil)

  • 除けよけ

    protection; repellent

  • 免除めんじょ
    N1

    exemption; exoneration; discharge

  • 取り除くとりのぞく
    N2

    to remove; to deinstall; to take away; to set apart

  • 切除せつじょ

    cut off; cut out; ablation; resection; surgical removal

  • 控除こうじょ
    N1

    subtraction; deduction (e.g. of tax)

  • 除雪じょせつ

    snow removal

  • 除名じょめい

    striking off a name; dropping a name (from a list); expulsion; excommunication

  • 除隊じょたい

    military discharge

  • 除草じょそう

    weeding

  • 防除ぼうじょ

    prevention (of plant disease and insect damage); (pest) control; extermination (of harmful insects)

  • 虫除けむしよけ

    insecticide; insect repellent

Explore all words using 除 →

Study

Etymology

除 combines ⻖ (mound, hill) with 余, which likely contributes the sound. The original meaning is associated with removing or clearing away, possibly from the idea of leveling a mound.

Meaning mnemonic

The mound radical ⻖ on the left and 余 on the right suggest a mound being leveled or taken away. Picture a hill being removed to make space, just as 除 means to exclude or abolish.

Reading mnemonic

For ジョ, imagine a judge ordering the removal of an obstacle: judge -> ジョ, and the mound is cleared away.