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Kotomora

善

virtuous, good, goodness

JLPTN2StatusJōyō · grade 6FrequencyTop 1,000Strokes12

Readings

On'yomi

  • ゼン

Kun'yomi

  • よ.い
  • い.い
  • よ.く
  • よし.とする

Nanori

  • たる
  • よし

Meaning

善 centers on moral excellence and positive quality: being virtuous, good, or possessing goodness in character or action.

Most common words using 善

20 of 160
  • 改善かいぜん
    N3

    betterment; improvement

  • 善ぜん
    N3

    good; goodness; right; virtue

  • 最善さいぜん
    N2

    the very best; utmost

  • 慈善じぜん
    N1

    charity; benevolence; philanthropy

  • 善意ぜんい
    N1

    virtuous mind

  • 偽善ぎぜん

    hypocrisy

  • 善悪ぜんあく
    N1

    right and wrong; good and evil

  • 善良ぜんりょう
    N1

    good (person, nature, etc.); good-natured; virtuous; honest

  • 善人ぜんにん

    good person; virtuous person

  • 親善しんぜん
    N1

    friendship; goodwill; friendly relations; amity

  • 善行ぜんこう

    good deed; good conduct; benevolence

  • 独善どくぜん

    self-righteousness; self-justified

  • 善戦ぜんせん

    fighting a good fight; putting up a good fight; fighting bravely

  • 丸善まるぜん

    Maruzen (publisher)

  • 善哉ぜんざい

    well done!; bravo!

  • 善玉ぜんだま

    good person; good guy

  • 善くもまあよくもまあ

    just how; how (dare you)

  • 善処ぜんしょ

    dealing appropriately (with a situation); taking proper measures; handling (an issue) carefully; making the best of (a bad bargain)

  • 勧善懲悪かんぜんちょうあく

    rewarding good and punishing evil; poetic justice

  • 善がるよがる

    to satisfy oneself; to feel satisfied; to be proud

Explore all words using 善 →

Study

Etymology

善 combines 羊 (sheep) and an element derived from 言 (words), suggesting the idea of using gentle, sheep-like words to express goodness or virtue. The exact historical development is somewhat uncertain, but the association with sheep as a symbol of gentleness and moral quality is well established.

Meaning mnemonic

A sheep (羊) stands above a mouth (口), as if speaking gentle, virtuous words. The sheep's mild nature represents goodness, making 善 the kanji for virtuous and good.

Reading mnemonic

For ゼン, imagine a Zen master embodying perfect goodness: Zen -> ゼン, and the master's virtuous nature is like the gentle sheep in the kanji.