善
virtuous, good, goodness
Readings
On'yomi
- ゼン
Kun'yomi
- よ.い
- い.い
- よ.く
- よし.とする
Nanori
- たる
- よし
Meaning
善 centers on moral excellence and positive quality: being virtuous, good, or possessing goodness in character or action.
Most common words using 善
20 of 160- 改善かいぜんN3
betterment; improvement
- 善ぜんN3
good; goodness; right; virtue
- 最善さいぜんN2
the very best; utmost
- 慈善じぜんN1
charity; benevolence; philanthropy
- 善意ぜんいN1
virtuous mind
- 偽善ぎぜん
hypocrisy
- 善悪ぜんあくN1
right and wrong; good and evil
- 善良ぜんりょうN1
good (person, nature, etc.); good-natured; virtuous; honest
- 善人ぜんにん
good person; virtuous person
- 親善しんぜんN1
friendship; goodwill; friendly relations; amity
- 善行ぜんこう
good deed; good conduct; benevolence
- 独善どくぜん
self-righteousness; self-justified
- 善戦ぜんせん
fighting a good fight; putting up a good fight; fighting bravely
- 丸善まるぜん
Maruzen (publisher)
- 善哉ぜんざい
well done!; bravo!
- 善玉ぜんだま
good person; good guy
- 善くもまあよくもまあ
just how; how (dare you)
- 善処ぜんしょ
dealing appropriately (with a situation); taking proper measures; handling (an issue) carefully; making the best of (a bad bargain)
- 勧善懲悪かんぜんちょうあく
rewarding good and punishing evil; poetic justice
- 善がるよがる
to satisfy oneself; to feel satisfied; to be proud
Study
Etymology
善 combines 羊 (sheep) and an element derived from 言 (words), suggesting the idea of using gentle, sheep-like words to express goodness or virtue. The exact historical development is somewhat uncertain, but the association with sheep as a symbol of gentleness and moral quality is well established.
Meaning mnemonic
A sheep (羊) stands above a mouth (口), as if speaking gentle, virtuous words. The sheep's mild nature represents goodness, making 善 the kanji for virtuous and good.
Reading mnemonic
For ゼン, imagine a Zen master embodying perfect goodness: Zen -> ゼン, and the master's virtuous nature is like the gentle sheep in the kanji.