塞
close, shut, cover, block, obstruct
Readings
On'yomi
- ソク
- サイ
Kun'yomi
- ふさ.ぐ
- とりで
- み.ちる
Meaning
塞 centers on blocking passage or access: closing, shutting, covering, or obstructing so that nothing can get through.
Most common words using 塞
20 of 70- 要塞ようさい
fort; stronghold; fortification
- 閉塞へいそく
blockage; blockade; blocking up; stoppage; obstruction; occlusion
- 梗塞こうそく
stoppage; blocking
- 塞くせく
to dam up (a stream); to dam
- 心筋梗塞しんきんこうそく
heart attack; myocardial infarction
- 塞ぐふさぐN2
to stop up; to close up; to block (up); to plug up; to shut up; to cover (ears, eyes, etc.); to close (eyes, mouth)
- 城塞じょうさい
fortress; stronghold; citadel
- 塞がるふさがるN2
to be closed; to be blocked; to be healed (e.g. wound); to be shut up
- 塞栓そくせん
embolus; abnormal substance (i.e. air) circulating in the blood
- 腸閉塞ちょうへいそく
intestinal obstruction; ileus
- 塞がりふさがり
being closed; being blocked up; being occupied; hindrance; impedance
- 塞げるふさげる
to close up; to block up; to fill; to cover
- 脳梗塞のうこうそく
cerebral infarction; (ischemic) stroke
- 手が塞がるてがふさがるN2
to be busy; to be tied up doing something
- 耳を塞ぐみみをふさぐN1
to stop (plug) one's ears
- あいた口が塞がらぬあいたくちがふさがらぬ
surprising; shocking; jaw-dropping
- あいた口も塞がらぬあいたくちもふさがらぬ
surprising; shocking; jaw-dropping
- ウィリス動脈輪閉塞症ウィリスどうみゃくりんへいそくしょう
occlusion in the circle of Willis
- ラクナ梗塞ラクナこうそく
lacunar infarction
- 人間万事塞翁が馬にんげんばんじさいおうがうま
inscrutable are the ways of heaven; fortune is unpredictable and changeable
Study
Etymology
塞 is composed of 宀 (roof) over a complex middle and 土 (earth) at the bottom, suggesting earth piled up to block or close off an opening under a roof. The exact historical development is uncertain, but the modern form visually supports the idea of obstruction.
Meaning mnemonic
Under a roof (宀), earth (土) is piled up between two hands (ハ) to block the entrance. Picture someone shoveling dirt to close off a cave.
Reading mnemonic
For ソク, imagine a sock stuffed into a pipe to block it: sock -> ソク, and the pipe is completely obstructed.