懸
state of suspension, hang, depend, consult, distant, far apart
Readings
On'yomi
- ケン
- ケ
Kun'yomi
- か.ける
- か.かる
Meaning
懸 centers on something hanging in an unresolved state: physically suspended, dependent on something else, or mentally unsettled. The meanings 'consult' and 'distant/far apart' extend this idea to situations where a decision hangs in the balance or a connection is stretched thin.
Most common words using 懸
20 of 56- 懸念けねんN1
worry; fear; anxiety; concern
- 一生懸命いっしょうけんめいN4
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly; desperately
- 懸賞けんしょうN1
offering a prize; prize competition; prize; reward
- 懸命けんめい
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
- 懸け橋かけはし
temporary (suspension) bridge; makeshift bridge
- 懸垂けんすい
pull-up (exercise); chin-up; chinning
- 懸案けんあん
pending question; unresolved problem
- 一所懸命いっしょけんめい
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly; desperately
- 懸架けんか
suspension (of an automobile)
- アメリカ篠懸の木アメリカすずかけのき
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
- インフレ懸念インフレけねん
inflation fear; inflation worries
- 三懸さんがい
headstall, martingale, and crupper
- 低懸念ていけねん
Least Concern (conservation status); LC
- 倒懸とうけん
hanging (someone) upside down
- 命を懸けるいのちをかける
to put one's life on the line; to risk one's life; to put everything one has into it
- 国際的に懸念される公衆衛生上の緊急事態こくさいてきにけねんされるこうしゅうえいせいじょうのきんきゅうじたい
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (formal WHO declaration); PHEIC
- 弓懸けゆがけ
archer's glove (with a groove for pulling the string)
- 懸け紙かけがみ
wrapping paper
- 懸け隔たるかけへだたる
to be far apart; to be remote; to be quite different
- 懸け隔てるかけへだてる
to put distance between; to estrange
Study
Etymology
懸 combines 縣 (a pictograph of a severed head hanging from a tree, later used for 'prefecture') with 心 (heart/mind), emphasizing a mental state of hanging or suspense. The modern form preserves this structure.
Meaning mnemonic
The top 縣 looks like a head hanging from a tree, and the bottom 心 is the heart. Picture a worried heart suspended in uncertainty, like a hanging object that hasn't settled.
Reading mnemonic
For ケン, imagine a hanging lantern (ランタン) that sways in the wind, but the rope is about to break: the 'ken' in lantern is close, so think of a 'ken-tern' hanging precariously. Ken -> ケン.