酷
cruel, severe, atrocious, unjust
Readings
On'yomi
- コク
Kun'yomi
- ひど.い
Meaning
酷 centers on harshness and extreme severity: cruelty, injustice, and atrocious treatment. It describes actions or conditions that are excessively severe and unfair.
Most common words using 酷
20 of 37- 酷いひどいN4
cruel; heartless; hard; harsh; severe
- 残酷ざんこくN1
cruel; brutal; ruthless; merciless; inhuman
- 過酷かこくN1
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
- 酷こく
severe; harsh; stringent; rigorous; strict; unfair
- 冷酷れいこくN1
cruelty; coldheartedness; relentless; ruthless
- 酷使こくし
exploitation; overuse; abuse
- 酷評こくひょう
severe criticism; sharp criticism; scathing criticism; diatribe; panning
- 酷似こくじ
resembling closely; being strikingly similar; bearing a strong likeness
- 酷暑こくしょ
intense heat; severe heat
- こっ酷いこっぴどい
(really) terrible; awful; (very) nasty; (extremely) harsh; severe
- 酷くひどく
terribly; awfully; dreadfully; extremely; severely; very (much)
- 酷寒こっかん
severe cold; intense cold; bitter cold
- 冷酷無情れいこくむじょう
cruel and heartless; merciless; implacable
- 冷酷無残れいこくむざん
cruel and heartless; merciless; implacable; cold-blooded
- 厳酷げんこく
severity; rigor; rigour
- 峻酷しゅんこく
severe (personality); unaffected by love
- 惨酷さんこく
atrocity; cruelty; brutality
- 残忍冷酷ざんにんれいこく
atrocious and cold-blooded; cruel; brutal; merciless
- 残忍酷薄ざんにんこくはく
cruel; heartless; brutal; atrocious
- 残酷焼ざんこくやき
live broiling of shellfish
Study
Etymology
酷 combines 酉 (wine jar) with 告 (announce), likely as a phono-semantic compound where 告 contributes the sound and the wine jar suggests harshness or severity, possibly from the taste of strong liquor.
Meaning mnemonic
A wine jar 酉 beside an announcement 告: imagine a cruel ruler announcing harsh punishments while holding a jar of strong, bitter wine.
Reading mnemonic
For コク, picture a cruel cook who serves atrocious food: cook -> コク, and the cook's severe treatment makes the kitchen unjust.