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Kotomora

酷

cruel, severe, atrocious, unjust

JLPTN1StatusJōyō · secondary schoolFrequencyTop 2,000Strokes14

Readings

On'yomi

  • コク

Kun'yomi

  • ひど.い

Meaning

酷 centers on harshness and extreme severity: cruelty, injustice, and atrocious treatment. It describes actions or conditions that are excessively severe and unfair.

Most common words using 酷

20 of 37
  • 酷いひどい
    N4

    cruel; heartless; hard; harsh; severe

  • 残酷ざんこく
    N1

    cruel; brutal; ruthless; merciless; inhuman

  • 過酷かこく
    N1

    severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous

  • 酷こく

    severe; harsh; stringent; rigorous; strict; unfair

  • 冷酷れいこく
    N1

    cruelty; coldheartedness; relentless; ruthless

  • 酷使こくし

    exploitation; overuse; abuse

  • 酷評こくひょう

    severe criticism; sharp criticism; scathing criticism; diatribe; panning

  • 酷似こくじ

    resembling closely; being strikingly similar; bearing a strong likeness

  • 酷暑こくしょ

    intense heat; severe heat

  • こっ酷いこっぴどい

    (really) terrible; awful; (very) nasty; (extremely) harsh; severe

  • 酷くひどく

    terribly; awfully; dreadfully; extremely; severely; very (much)

  • 酷寒こっかん

    severe cold; intense cold; bitter cold

  • 冷酷無情れいこくむじょう

    cruel and heartless; merciless; implacable

  • 冷酷無残れいこくむざん

    cruel and heartless; merciless; implacable; cold-blooded

  • 厳酷げんこく

    severity; rigor; rigour

  • 峻酷しゅんこく

    severe (personality); unaffected by love

  • 惨酷さんこく

    atrocity; cruelty; brutality

  • 残忍冷酷ざんにんれいこく

    atrocious and cold-blooded; cruel; brutal; merciless

  • 残忍酷薄ざんにんこくはく

    cruel; heartless; brutal; atrocious

  • 残酷焼ざんこくやき

    live broiling of shellfish

Explore all words using 酷 →

Study

Etymology

酷 combines 酉 (wine jar) with 告 (announce), likely as a phono-semantic compound where 告 contributes the sound and the wine jar suggests harshness or severity, possibly from the taste of strong liquor.

Meaning mnemonic

A wine jar 酉 beside an announcement 告: imagine a cruel ruler announcing harsh punishments while holding a jar of strong, bitter wine.

Reading mnemonic

For コク, picture a cruel cook who serves atrocious food: cook -> コク, and the cook's severe treatment makes the kitchen unjust.