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にもかかわらず Japanese meaning | Kotomora
Meanings 1
expression
in spite of ; despite ; although
usually written using kana alone
Used after a noun, adjective, or verb clause to express that something happens contrary to what is expected. Often follows である, な, い, or a plain verb form.
彼かれ は 忙いそが しい に も かかわら ず 、 手伝てつだ っ て くれ た 。
Although he was busy, he helped me.
2
conjunction
nonetheless ; nevertheless ; but ; yet
usually written using kana alone
Used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to connect contrasting statements, similar to 'even so' or 'that said'. More common in written or formal speech.
Written forms にも 関かか わらず
Kanji form using 関わる; seen in formal writing but less common than kana.
にも 拘かかわ らず
Kanji form using 拘る; used in formal or literary contexts.
Kanji 関 connection, barrier, gateway 拘 arrest, seize, concerned Similar words それにもかかわらず A more explicit conjunction meaning 'in spite of that' or 'nevertheless', often used at the start of a sentence.
のに A more casual and common conjunction meaning 'although' or 'despite', used in everyday speech. にもかかわらず is more formal and emphatic.
けれども A general-purpose conjunction meaning 'but' or 'although'. にもかかわらず carries a stronger sense of unexpected contrast.
Etymology Compound of the particle に, the particle も, the verb かかわる (関わる/拘る, 'to be involved with'), and the negative auxiliary ず. Literally 'without being involved with', it developed into a concessive expression meaning 'in spite of'.
