共同する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 共同する | 共同しない |
| Polite | 共同します | 共同しません |
| Past polite | 共同しました | 共同しませんでした |
| Past | 共同した | 共同しなかった |
| Te-form | 共同して | 共同しないで |
| Desire | 共同したい | 共同したくない |
| Potential | 共同できる | 共同できない |
| Passive | 共同される | 共同されない |
| Causative | 共同させる | 共同させない |
| Causative passive | 共同させられる | 共同させられない |
| Volitional | 共同しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 共同しましょう | |
| Imperative | 共同しろ | 共同するな |
| Conditional | 共同すれば | 共同しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 共同したら | 共同しなかったら |
noun, noun, used as a prefix, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
cooperation; collaboration; joint action
Working together toward a shared goal. Used for joint efforts, partnerships, and acting in unison. Can be used as a noun, suru-verb, or prefix.
両社は新製品の開発で共同している。
The two companies are cooperating on the development of a new product.
We cleaned the room through joint effort.
noun, noun, used as a prefix, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
shared; communal; common use
Only when written 共同
Refers to something owned, used, or managed by multiple people together. Often used in compounds like 共同住宅 (apartment building) or 共同購入 (group buying). Restricted to the 共同 spelling.
This garden is a shared space with the neighboring house.
Please keep the communal refrigerator clean.
The two scientists jointly developed a new drug.
This project was completed through the team's collaborative work.
The two countries issued a joint statement.
I'm living a communal life in the university dormitory.
共同 broadly means doing something jointly or sharing ownership, whereas 連帯 carries a stronger sense of moral or legal solidarity.
共同 implies doing something together or cooperating, whereas 共用 just means sharing the use of something without necessarily working together.
共同 is a neutral, businesslike term for joint action, whereas 二人三脚 stresses the intimate, step-by-step interdependence of the partners.
communal tap; shared water faucet
public bathing; public bath