noun
judicial trial; court trial
Refers to a trial conducted by a court of law, as opposed to administrative or private proceedings.
司法裁判で無罪が確定した。
He was acquitted in a judicial trial.
司法裁判の公開が原則とされている。
Judicial trials are in principle open to the public.
裁判 is a general term for trial or judgment, including both judicial and non-judicial proceedings. 司法裁判 specifically denotes a trial conducted by the judiciary.
行政裁判 refers to administrative litigation, distinct from judicial trials (司法裁判) which are criminal or civil cases handled by ordinary courts.
Compound of 司法 (しほう, 'judicial' or 'administration of justice') and 裁判 (さいばん, 'trial' or 'judgment'). The term is a straightforward legal compound with no obscure historical derivation.