atmospheric optical phenomenon
Technical term used in meteorology and atmospheric science for phenomena such as rainbows, halos, mirages, and the green flash.
Rainbows and sun dogs are types of atmospheric optical phenomena.
The position of the sun is important for observing atmospheric optical phenomena.
気象光学 is the broader field of meteorological optics, while 大気光学現象 refers to the specific observable phenomena.
Compound of 大気 (atmosphere), 光学 (optics), and 現象 (phenomenon). A straightforward modern technical term.