Refers to a room or space for reading and study, or a collection of books; can also mean a library in a traditional or private context.
There are many old books in my grandfather's study.
The library of this temple is open to the public.
書斎 is the common word for a personal study room, while 書房 carries the same meaning but sounds more classical or literary.
出版社 is the standard modern term for a publishing company, whereas 書房 is a more literary or traditional way to refer to one, often used in its actual name.
図書館 refers to a full-scale public library, while 書房 suggests a smaller, private, or old-fashioned collection of books.
Compound of 書 (writing, book) and 房 (room, chamber). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the kanji combination naturally suggests a room for books.