神しん経けい言げん語ご学がく

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Meanings

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noun

neurolinguistics

Academic field studying the neural mechanisms underlying language.

gods, mind, soul

経sutra, longitude, pass thru

言say, word

語word, speech, language

学study, learning, science

言げん語ご学がく
Linguistics in general; 神経言語学 is a subfield focusing on the brain's role in language.
心しん理り言げん語ご学がく
Psycholinguistics, which studies psychological aspects of language; 神経言語学 is more directly concerned with neural mechanisms.

Compound of 神経 (nerve, neural) and 言語学 (linguistics), likely a calque of English 'neurolinguistics'.