練る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 練る | 練らない |
| Polite | 練ります | 練りません |
| Past polite | 練りました | 練りませんでした |
| Past | 練った | 練らなかった |
| Te-form | 練って | 練らないで |
| Desire | 練りたい | 練りたくない |
| Potential | 練れる | 練れない |
| Passive | 練られる | 練られない |
| Causative | 練らせる | 練らせない |
| Causative passive | 練らせられるalso 練らされる | 練らせられないalso 練らされない |
| Volitional | 練ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 練りましょう | |
| Imperative | 練れ | 練るな |
| Conditional | 練れば | 練らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 練ったら | 練らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
knead; thicken into paste
Physical action of working dough, clay, or similar substances by hand, or stirring a mixture over heat until it thickens.
Before making bread, knead the flour well.
Stir flour and butter in a pan to make a roux.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Metaphorical extension: improving an idea, plan, or argument through careful thought and revision.
Let's polish the proposal a bit more before submitting it.
He reworked his ideas many times.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for physical or mental training, often in sports or martial arts, emphasizing repeated practice to improve skill or strength.
Every morning I train my body at the dojo.
He drilled tactics assuming actual combat.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
gloss silk; soften; degum
Specialized textile term: treating raw silk to remove sericin and give it luster and softness.
Raw silk is degummed to bring out its luster.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
tan leather
Specialized term for treating animal hides to make leather.
The craftsman tans the hide to soften it.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
temper steel
Metallurgical term: heating and cooling steel to adjust its hardness and toughness.
The swordsmith tempers the steel repeatedly.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
walk in procession; parade; march
Intransitive use; describes people moving in a formal, often slow, procession. The rare kanji 邌る is specifically associated with this sense.
The festival procession parades through the town.
The potter carefully kneaded the clay.
I polished the writing many times before presenting it.
The athletes trained and honed their swordsmanship.
The swordsmith tempered the steel repeatedly to increase its strength.
こねる is a casual word for kneading dough or clay, while 練る is broader and covers both this physical sense and metaphorical or technical uses.
parading of portable shrines and floats at Shinto festivals
stiff consistency; thick paste
Rare kanji form; sometimes used for tempering metal or training.
Rare kanji form specifically for walking in procession.