noun, na-adjective, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
Core meaning: a morally or legally wrong act. Covers both religious sin and secular crime. Can be used adjectivally with な or の.
彼は罪を犯して刑務所に入った。
He committed a crime and went to prison.
I think lying is a sin.
Refers to the punishment or sentence for a crime, not the act itself. Often used in legal or judgmental contexts.
The judge handed down a heavy sentence to the defendant.
fault; responsibility; culpability
Used when assigning blame or responsibility for a negative outcome. Common in phrases like 罪を着せる (pin the blame on someone).
The fault for the accident lies with the driver.
thoughtlessness; lack of consideration
A mild, often self-deprecating use, expressing regret for one's own inconsiderate action. Frequently in set phrases like 罪なことをした (I did something thoughtless).
I spoke without considering her feelings; that was thoughtless of me.
He works in prison to atone for his crime.
He tried to pin the blame on his coworker.
The defendant finally admitted his guilt.
While on the run, he ended up committing crime after crime.
Getting his hopes up like that—that was a thoughtless thing to do.
He repented his sins before he died.
charge; sentence; punish