satsuma mandarin; mandarin orange; tangerine
Refers specifically to the common Japanese mandarin (Citrus unshiu), a seedless, easy-to-peel citrus fruit. Often eaten fresh in winter.
In winter, I look forward to eating mandarins under the kotatsu.
These mandarins are sweet and delicious.
citrus fruit (general)
Broadly refers to citrus fruits of the genus Citrus. In everyday speech, みかん usually means the satsuma mandarin; this broader sense is more technical or contextual.
Relatives of the mandarin include oranges and lemons.
I peeled the mandarin and ate it.
In winter, I look forward to eating mandarins under the kotatsu.
We split the mandarin and ate it segment by segment.
golden orange; kimikan; ōgonkan
chamberbitter; gripeweed; stonebreaker