noun, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
surplus; excess amount
Refers to the portion or amount that exceeds a limit, quota, or expected quantity. Often used in financial, inventory, or quantitative contexts.
The surplus from the budget will be deducted from next month's expenses.
We returned the excess inventory.
過剰 means excess or overabundance, often with a negative nuance of being too much. 超過分 is neutral and simply denotes the excess portion.
Compound of 超過 (excess) + 分 (portion, amount).