Expresses surprise, confusion, or a request for clarification. Similar to English 'huh?' or 'what?'.
Eh, really?
え、何て言ったの？
Huh? What did you say?
sentence-ending particle for emphasis
Archaic particle used at the end of a sentence to strengthen a question or assertion. Found in classical Japanese and older literary works.
Adding え to '行く' makes it an old-fashioned emphatic form.
Archaic particle used after a noun or similar when calling out to someone, similar to 'hey' or 'oh'. Not used in modern speech.
In classical language, one might call out '君え' to address someone.
A natural exclamation found in many languages; the exact origin is uncertain. The archaic particle uses are native Japanese developments.